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Toddler 'formulas' are unnecessary and lack nutritional benefits of milk, pediatrician group warns_我的网站

A |     Beverages marketed as toddler "formula" are unnecessary and some have questionable marketing practices, according to a new report from the American Academy of Pediatrics.In recent years, the popularity of these formulas — referred to as Older Infant and Young Child Formulas (OIYCFs) — has risen significantly, according to research published in the journal Public Health Nutrition. The study found sales went up by 158% between 2006 and 2015. However, experts say there are several concerns surrounding their usage."Many parents mistakenly believe that OIYCFs offer something more, something unique that cow milk together with a varied diet with fortified foods can't provide," Dr. George Fuchs, professor of pediatrics and epidemiology at the University of Kentucky and lead author on the new AAP report, told ABC News. "This misconception can be largely attributed to the advertising and branding of these products."The AAP recommends babies drink infant formula or breastmilk until they are 12 months old and then transition to cow's milk in addition to solid foods, which are typically introduced at about 6 months.Toddler "formula" is sometimes marketed as a "transitional" or "weaning" formula for infants who are 0 -12 months old, according to the new report. But unlike infant formula, which must meet certain FDA guidelines for nutritional content, there are no standard nutritional requirements for toddler "formula," the report says."Toddler formula is unnecessary for the vast majority of toddlers and its nutritional value is inferior to that of whole cow's milk, especially when accounting for the additional sugar content of toddler formula," Dr. Keyana Washington, a pediatrician with Gwinnett Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine in Georgia, who was not involved with the report, told ABC News.There are misconceptions about the drinks, according to Dr. Nagela Sainté-Thomas, a pediatric emergency medicine specialist from El Paso, Texas."One reason for their popularity is parents and caregivers believe these drinks provide nutrients similar to solid foods and if they have significant challenges integrating solids into their toddler's diet, they can easily utilize this 'nutritional' substitution," Sainté-Thomas, who was not involved in the AAP report, told ABC News.In 1986, The World Health Assembly had already identified special formulas for older infants as unnecessary. Many global health organizations -- including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and UNICEF, in addition to WHO -- emphasize that a combination of breast milk, whole cow's milk, water, and appropriate solid foods is nutritionally sufficient for most toddlers.Toddler "formulas" are not necessarily dangerous or bad for children, the AAP said in its report. They can be part of a balanced diet for babies 12 months and older, but are not better than cow's milk, the report said.But some companies making OIYCFs imply that their products add an important part of a toddler diet, even though that's not the case, according to the new AAP report.OIYCFs often appear very similar to infant formulas, according to the AAP report, which may cause confusion among parents and caregivers. Some companies use similar names, colors, designs, and even slogans for their OIYCFs and infant formulas, the report found.The pediatricians ABC News spoke with say parents and caregivers should make sure toddlers have a varied diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins, dairy, water, and either breast milk, infant formula, or whole cow's milk.Parents and caregivers should talk to their pediatricians about the role OIYCFs might play in their child's diet."The decision to deviate from the recommendation to give whole cow's milk starting at age 12 months is one that parents should make in consultation with their pediatrician," Washington said.Daniel A. Carnegie, MD, MPH, MBA is a preventive medicine resident at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a member of the ABC News Medical Unit.。

B |     

8月19日，避暑山庄《山庄见驾》互动演出中，一位游客上台展示才艺。日报记者 陈宝云摄8月19日9时，承德避暑山庄丽正门前，游客层层围拢。古装“大臣”登临城楼，手持“圣旨”，高声宣道：“打开城门，恭迎四海宾朋！”朱红大门开启，清代仪仗列队而立，《皇城迎宾》拉开序幕。这座皇家园林，以一场沉浸式互动演出，喜迎八方来客。穿过丽正门，位于宫殿区的澹泊敬诚殿院内人头攒动。

C | 金丝楠木大殿前，《山庄见驾》互动演出即将开场。“宫女”翩然起舞，“皇帝”“皇后”盛装出巡，古乐绕殿，游客瞬间被拉入康乾盛世的场景中。

D | 沉浸式互动体验，是本次实景演绎的最大亮点。

E | 现场游客可主动举手参与、登台互动。来自山东的游客张倩倩举手最快，被“皇帝”钦点。当“皇帝”问及才艺，她脱口而出“会跳广场舞”，全场爆笑。随即音乐响起，张倩倩带着“皇帝”“皇后”一起舞动。舞毕，“皇帝”挥手重赏，“大内总管”递上几张“银票”。

F | “能给‘皇帝’‘皇后’领舞，今天过了把瘾！”张倩倩笑着说。

G | 游客通过才艺展示、答题闯关，在欢笑中赢取“银票”。游客持“银票”乘坐环山车、平原车、环湖船可享七五折优惠，文创店也有八五折优惠。核销加盖印章后，更是一份独特的“皇家纪念”。今年7月，避暑山庄景区围绕“民族团结、四海一家、康乾盛世”主线，推出《皇城迎宾》《山庄见驾》等NPC（非玩家角色）互动演出。“300年前，也有这种互动玩法。”避暑山庄及周围寺庙景区服务中心主任徐信会说，山庄内的芳园居在清代是一条买卖街。

H | 皇帝驻跸时，太监、宫女扮掌柜，后妃扮顾客，熙熙攘攘，热闹非凡。“那时的太监、宫女，就是最早的NPC。”他笑着解释。

I | “调研发现，年轻游客更乐于在互动场景中触摸历史。”徐信会说，现场互动吸引大量年轻游客参与。很多互动短视频成为爆款，有些达几十万次，最高一条超1400万次。据介绍，今年以来，避暑山庄及周围寺庙景区已接待中外游客380多万人次，同比增收7%。避暑山庄景区后续还将拓展更多沉浸式场景，让这座皇家园林触手可及、真切可感。（日报记者 陈宝云）。

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Published on:04:10:53